Yesterday’s action by the FCC will also prevent small, rural carriers from using USF funds to service the existing Huawei and ZTE equipment already in place. While the agency tries to figure out what will be allowed in this situation, FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said that these wireless operators are being asked to submit information to the commission that details all of the Huawei and ZTE equipment currently in use, and provide estimates of how much it would cost to remove and replace such gear. The FCC itself has already figured out that it will cost $1.89 billion to do this work, which would take two years to complete.

Huawei and ZTE are considered national security threats in the U.S. because of a law in China that would allow the Chinese government to demand that the companies gather intelligence for its behalf. As a result, U.S. lawmakers are concerned that phones and equipment produced by the pair contain backdoors that spy on American corporations and consumers and sent that data to Beijing. Both manufacturers have steadfastly denied these allegations numerous times. This is also the reason why Huawei was placed on the U.S. Commerce Department’s Entity List in May preventing it from accessing its U.S. supply chain.

The FCC voted 5-0 in favor of the ban, which will take effect within the next 31 days unless Huawei and ZTE challenge it. In that case, it could take as long as 120 days for the ban to begin. While all five members of the commission agreed to the new rules, commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel, a Democrat, had some concerns. She wondered whether the Trump administration would “undermine” the ruling as it did with the ban on ZTE. She said, “When the United States government pursues action against Huawei or ZTE, its objective should be security. But in Washington right now, I fear these issues can easily get swept up into broader trade matters. Despite our actions today, we have to grapple with the fact that at any moment the administration could trade away our security objectives for some momentary advantage in bilateral trade negotiations. I hope that does not occur, but let’s be honest, it has happened before, when this administration reversed course on banning ZTE from doing business in the United States. If it happens again, it will have serious consequences for our credibility.”

Huawei is the world’s largest supplier of networking equipment with a 28% market share while ZTE is the fourth largest global provider.